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Eighteen accounts of what is real, each set out in its own terms and each with its own page.
All World Views Does God Exist?The Hanbali stream of the Islam timeline.
Streams: All of Islam Sunni Islam Twelver Shia Islam Ibadi Islam Mu'tazila Hanbali Sufi Orders Ash'ari Modern Reformist Islam
The caliphs al-Ma'mun and his two successors impose the mihna, an inquisition requiring officials and scholars to affirm the createdness of the Qur'an, the Mu'tazila doctrine; Ahmad ibn Hanbal's refusal and flogging make him Sunni Islam's emblem of resistance, and al-Mutawakkil abandons the test.
Ahmad ibn Hanbal dies in Baghdad, and crowds fill the streets for his funeral; the Hanbali school formed from his teaching prizes the Qur'an and the hadith over speculative theology, and his Musnad gathers some twenty-seven thousand traditions.
Ibn Qudama dies in Damascus; the Hanbali jurist's al-Mughni, a comparative compendium of law across the schools, becomes the Hanbali school's standard work and a monument of Sunni legal scholarship.
Ibn Taymiyya dies a prisoner in the Damascus citadel; the Hanbali scholar's fatwas against saint veneration and speculative theology, marginal in his own century, are taken up by reform movements centuries later and stand behind the Wahhabi alliance of 1744.
Muhammad ibn Abd al-Wahhab and Muhammad ibn Saud join preacher and sword at Diriyah; the alliance's call to strip Islam of saint veneration and innovation, rooted in Hanbali teaching, founds the Saudi state and spreads its doctrine with Saudi power.
