In 1958 four scholars in exile from the mainland, Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan, Xu Fuguan, and Zhang Junmai, published a manifesto for the reappraisal of Chinese culture, declaring that the Confucian tradition carried living resources for democracy and science rather than obstacles to them. The document founded the movement called New Confucianism, which carried the teaching through the twentieth century's anti-Confucian decades.
Tagged: Confucianism New Confucianism
The Event
- Date
- 1958 (exact)
- Also called
- A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture
- Era
- Modern; Standard periodization of Confucian history
- Location
- Hong Kong and Taiwan; today Hong Kong
- Traditions
- Confucianism
- Streams
- New Confucianism
- Key figures
- Tang Junyi, Mou Zongsan, Xu Fuguan, Zhang Junmai
- Key texts
- A Manifesto on the Reappraisal of Chinese Culture
Primary Sources
- The Analects of Confucius.
Secondary Sources
- Yao, Xinzhong. An Introduction to Confucianism. Cambridge University Press, 2000.
- de Bary, Wm. Theodore, and Irene Bloom, eds. Sources of Chinese Tradition. 2nd ed., Columbia University Press, 1999.
Provenance: HIST-0715; confidence 0.95; accessed 2026-10-27.
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