The Diptych
Ibadi Islam and Sunni Islam
Ibadi Islam stands as a Branch; Sunni Islam stands as a Branch. This comparison renders under slot registry version 1.0, in the registry's fixed order. The Diptych displays; it does not score, rank, or adjudicate.
Coverage: Ibadi Islam has 5 sections documented and 2 partial; its evaluative coverage is pending. Sunni Islam has 6 sections documented and 2 partial; its evaluative coverage is pending.
1. In its own words
The entity stated in its own words: its self-description, before any external description.
Ibadi Islam
Ibadi Islam descends from the Kharijite secession of the first Islamic century, moderated early into a tradition of elected imams, congregational discipline, and quiet endurance. It is neither Sunni nor Shia, and it survives as the majority tradition of Oman with communities in North and East Africa.
Source: The Musnad of al-Rabi ibn Habib.
Confidence: high
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the tradition of roughly nine in ten of the world's Muslims. It carries no single head and no central magisterium; its unity stands in the shared scripture, the Prophet's example, the four schools of law, and the theological schools that defended them.
Source: The Qur'an; the Hadith collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Confidence: high
2. Scale and spread
How large the entity is and where it is found: adherents, bodies, and geography, with sources.
Ibadi Islam
Ibadi Islam counts a few million adherents. Oman is its demographic and scholarly center, where Ibadis form a large share of the population, with older communities in Algeria's M'zab valley, Libya's Nafusa mountains, Tunisia's Djerba, and Zanzibar.
Source: Valerie J. Hoffman, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam (Syracuse University Press, 2012).
Confidence: high
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam counts roughly 1.6 billion adherents, about 87 to 90 percent of all Muslims, and is the majority form of Islam in most Muslim-majority countries, from Indonesia and South Asia to North Africa and Turkey.
The range inside, as documented:
- Ash'ari Theology: The theological school of al-Ash'ari, which defends the Sunna with reason: the Qur'an uncreated, God's attributes affirmed without asking how, and human acts created by God and acquired by persons.
- Sufism: The mystical path of Islam: remembrance of God, the master-disciple chain, and the orders that carry it, crossing the Sunni and Shia branches alike.
- Maturidi Theology: The theological school of al-Maturidi of Samarkand, paired with Hanafi law, which gives reason a larger place in knowing good and evil than its Ash'ari sister school.
- Mu'tazila Theology: The rationalist school that held God's unity and justice as its two principles, read the Qur'an's anthropomorphisms allegorically, and held the Qur'an created; the school the Ash'ari synthesis answered.
Source: Pew Research Center, 'Mapping the Global Muslim Population' (2009).
Confidence: high
3. Historical timeline
The entity's timeline: the events of its history, drawn from the History of Worldviews timelines.
Ibadi Islam
- The muslim timeline
- Birth of Muhammad
- First revelation
- Hijra to Medina
- Battle of Badr
- Conquest of Mecca
- Death of Muhammad
Source: Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
Confidence: high
Sunni Islam
- The muslim timeline
- Birth of Muhammad
- First revelation
- Hijra to Medina
- Battle of Badr
- Conquest of Mecca
- Death of Muhammad
Source: Ibn Ishaq, Sirat Rasul Allah
Confidence: high
4. Sources of authority
What the entity treats as authoritative: its scriptures, creeds, councils, and reference works.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
5. Ultimate reality
What the entity holds to be ultimately real.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
6. The human person
What the entity holds a human person to be: nature, dignity, and destiny.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
7. Problem and solution
The entity's account of what is wrong and how it is set right.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
8. Ethics and hard cases
The entity's moral teaching and how it meets the hard cases.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
9. Practice and devotion
How the entity is practiced: worship, prayer, devotion, and the calendar.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
10. Community and governance
How the entity is organized: its bodies, offices, and the directory of its communities.
Sunni Islam
Partial coverage
The range inside, as documented:
- Ash'ari Theology: The theological school of al-Ash'ari, which defends the Sunna with reason: the Qur'an uncreated, God's attributes affirmed without asking how, and human acts created by God and acquired by persons.
- Hanafi School: The school of Abu Hanifa, the oldest of the four Sunni schools of law and the most widely followed, strong in Turkey, Central and South Asia, and Egypt..
- Hanbali School: The school of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, the most text-bound of the four.
- Maliki School: The school of Malik ibn Anas, built on the practice of Medina.
- Shafi'i School: The school of al-Shafi'i, whose Risala founded the theory of Islamic law.
- Sufism: The mystical path of Islam: remembrance of God, the master-disciple chain, and the orders that carry it, crossing the Sunni and Shia branches alike.
- Maturidi Theology: The theological school of al-Maturidi of Samarkand, paired with Hanafi law, which gives reason a larger place in knowing good and evil than its Ash'ari sister school.
- Mu'tazila Theology: The rationalist school that held God's unity and justice as its two principles, read the Qur'an's anthropomorphisms allegorically, and held the Qur'an created; the school the Ash'ari synthesis answered.
Confidence: moderate
11. Art and material culture
The entity's art and material culture, drawn from the Religious Art section.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
12. Science and technology posture
The entity's posture toward science and technology.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
13. Internal diversity
The range inside the entity: its branches, schools, and movements, each in its own terms.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
- Ash'ari Theology
- Hanafi School
- Hanbali School
- Maliki School
- Shafi'i School
- Sufism
- Maturidi Theology
- Mu'tazila Theology
Confidence: high
14. Contributions
What the entity has contributed, stated with sources.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
15. Internal critique
The critique raised from within the entity's own tradition, in its strongest form, with its reply.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
16. External critique and reply
The critique raised from outside, in its strongest form, with the strongest available reply.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
Evaluative coverage is scheduled; this slot populates through sourced, reviewed records.
17. Contested history
The points of the entity's history that are contested, and by whom.
18. What each says about the other
What each of the two entities says about the other. This slot renders only when both directions stand populated and reviewed.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
This slot renders only when both directions stand populated and reviewed.
Sunni Islam
Not yet documented
This slot renders only when both directions stand populated and reviewed.
19. What this comparison cannot settle
This comparison sets two self-descriptions side by side; it does not decide between them. A tradition is a living range of positions, and each panel renders the range this site has documented, which is not the whole of the tradition. Where a cell is marked not yet documented, the gap belongs to this site's documentation, not to the tradition. Questions of truth between the panels turn on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, what authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. The instrument does not score, rank, or adjudicate.
Sections this comparison cannot yet speak to, because the documentation is incomplete: Sources of authority, Ultimate reality, The human person, Problem and solution, Ethics and hard cases, Practice and devotion, Art and material culture, Science and technology posture, Internal diversity, Contributions, Internal critique, External critique and reply, What each says about the other.
On the questions where these two panels disagree, the outcome turns on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, which authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. This instrument settles none of those.
20. Sources
Ibadi Islam
- The Musnad of al-Rabi ibn Habib.
- Valerie J. Hoffman, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam (2012).
Sunni Islam
- The Qur'an; the Hadith collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
- Jonathan A. C. Brown, Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (2018).
Citations resolve to the site's References register as that rebuild lands; exports of this comparison stand under the tools above.
| Section | Ibadi Islam | Sunni Islam |
|---|---|---|
| In its own words | populated: Ibadi Islam descends from the Kharijite secession of the first Islamic century, moderated early into a tradition of elected imams, congregational discipline, and quiet endurance. It is neither Sunni nor Shia, and it survives as the majority tradition of Oman with communities in North and East Africa. | populated: Sunni Islam is the tradition of roughly nine in ten of the world's Muslims. It carries no single head and no central magisterium; its unity stands in the shared scripture, the Prophet's example, the four schools of law, and the theological schools that defended them. |
| Scale and spread | populated: Ibadi Islam counts a few million adherents. Oman is its demographic and scholarly center, where Ibadis form a large share of the population, with older communities in Algeria's M'zab valley, Libya's Nafusa mountains, Tunisia's Djerba, and Zanzibar. | populated: Sunni Islam counts roughly 1.6 billion adherents, about 87 to 90 percent of all Muslims, and is the majority form of Islam in most Muslim-majority countries, from Indonesia and South Asia to North Africa and Turkey. |
| Historical timeline | populated | populated |
| Sources of authority | not documented | not documented |
| Ultimate reality | not documented | not documented |
| The human person | not documented | not documented |
| Problem and solution | not documented | not documented |
| Ethics and hard cases | not documented | not documented |
| Practice and devotion | not documented | not documented |
| Community and governance | partial | partial |
| Art and material culture | not documented | not documented |
| Science and technology posture | not documented | not documented |
| Internal diversity | not documented | populated |
| Contributions | not documented | not documented |
| Internal critique | not documented | not documented |
| External critique and reply | not documented | not documented |
| Contested history | partial | partial |
| What each says about the other | not documented | not documented |
| What this comparison cannot settle | populated: This comparison sets two self-descriptions side by side; it does not decide between them. A tradition is a living range of positions, and each panel renders the range this site has documented, which is not the whole of the tradition. Where a cell is marked not yet documented, the gap belongs to this site's documentation, not to the tradition. Questions of truth between the panels turn on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, what authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. The instrument does not score, rank, or adjudicate. | populated: This comparison sets two self-descriptions side by side; it does not decide between them. A tradition is a living range of positions, and each panel renders the range this site has documented, which is not the whole of the tradition. Where a cell is marked not yet documented, the gap belongs to this site's documentation, not to the tradition. Questions of truth between the panels turn on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, what authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. The instrument does not score, rank, or adjudicate. |
| Sources | populated | populated |