The Diptych
Ibadi Islam and Sunni Islam
Ibadi Islam stands as a Branch; Sunni Islam stands as a Branch. This comparison renders under slot registry version 1.0, in the registry's fixed order. The Diptych displays; it does not score, rank, or adjudicate.
Coverage: Ibadi Islam has 5 sections documented and 2 partial; its evaluative coverage is pending. Sunni Islam has 6 sections documented and 2 partial; its evaluative coverage is pending.
1. In its own words
The entity stated in its own words: its self-description, before any external description.
Ibadi Islam
Ibadi Islam descends from the Kharijite secession of the first Islamic century, moderated early into a tradition of elected imams, congregational discipline, and quiet endurance. It is neither Sunni nor Shia, and it survives as the majority tradition of Oman with communities in North and East Africa.
Source: The Musnad of al-Rabi ibn Habib.
Confidence: high
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam is the tradition of roughly nine in ten of the world's Muslims. It carries no single head and no central magisterium; its unity stands in the shared scripture, the Prophet's example, the four schools of law, and the theological schools that defended them.
Source: The Qur'an; the Hadith collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
Confidence: high
2. Scale and spread
How large the entity is and where it is found: adherents, bodies, and geography, with sources.
Ibadi Islam
Ibadi Islam counts a few million adherents. Oman is its demographic and scholarly center, where Ibadis form a large share of the population, with older communities in Algeria's M'zab valley, Libya's Nafusa mountains, Tunisia's Djerba, and Zanzibar.
Source: Valerie J. Hoffman, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam (Syracuse University Press, 2012).
Confidence: high
Sunni Islam
Sunni Islam counts roughly 1.6 billion adherents, about 87 to 90 percent of all Muslims, and is the majority form of Islam in most Muslim-majority countries, from Indonesia and South Asia to North Africa and Turkey.
The range inside, as documented:
- Ash'ari Theology: The theological school of al-Ash'ari, which defends the Sunna with reason: the Qur'an uncreated, God's attributes affirmed without asking how, and human acts created by God and acquired by persons.
- Sufism: The mystical path of Islam: remembrance of God, the master-disciple chain, and the orders that carry it, crossing the Sunni and Shia branches alike.
- Maturidi Theology: The theological school of al-Maturidi of Samarkand, paired with Hanafi law, which gives reason a larger place in knowing good and evil than its Ash'ari sister school.
- Mu'tazila Theology: The rationalist school that held God's unity and justice as its two principles, read the Qur'an's anthropomorphisms allegorically, and held the Qur'an created; the school the Ash'ari synthesis answered.
Source: Pew Research Center, 'Mapping the Global Muslim Population' (2009).
Confidence: high
10. Community and governance
How the entity is organized: its bodies, offices, and the directory of its communities.
Sunni Islam
Partial coverage
The range inside, as documented:
- Ash'ari Theology: The theological school of al-Ash'ari, which defends the Sunna with reason: the Qur'an uncreated, God's attributes affirmed without asking how, and human acts created by God and acquired by persons.
- Hanafi School: The school of Abu Hanifa, the oldest of the four Sunni schools of law and the most widely followed, strong in Turkey, Central and South Asia, and Egypt..
- Hanbali School: The school of Ahmad ibn Hanbal, the most text-bound of the four.
- Maliki School: The school of Malik ibn Anas, built on the practice of Medina.
- Shafi'i School: The school of al-Shafi'i, whose Risala founded the theory of Islamic law.
- Sufism: The mystical path of Islam: remembrance of God, the master-disciple chain, and the orders that carry it, crossing the Sunni and Shia branches alike.
- Maturidi Theology: The theological school of al-Maturidi of Samarkand, paired with Hanafi law, which gives reason a larger place in knowing good and evil than its Ash'ari sister school.
- Mu'tazila Theology: The rationalist school that held God's unity and justice as its two principles, read the Qur'an's anthropomorphisms allegorically, and held the Qur'an created; the school the Ash'ari synthesis answered.
Confidence: moderate
13. Internal diversity
The range inside the entity: its branches, schools, and movements, each in its own terms.
Ibadi Islam
Not yet documented
Coverage record created at intake; content not yet documented.
Sunni Islam
- Ash'ari Theology
- Hanafi School
- Hanbali School
- Maliki School
- Shafi'i School
- Sufism
- Maturidi Theology
- Mu'tazila Theology
Confidence: high
17. Contested history
The points of the entity's history that are contested, and by whom.
20. Sources
Ibadi Islam
- The Musnad of al-Rabi ibn Habib.
- Valerie J. Hoffman, The Essentials of Ibadi Islam (2012).
Sunni Islam
- The Qur'an; the Hadith collections of al-Bukhari and Muslim.
- Jonathan A. C. Brown, Hadith: Muhammad's Legacy in the Medieval and Modern World (2018).
Citations resolve to the site's References register as that rebuild lands; exports of this comparison stand under the tools above.
| Section | Ibadi Islam | Sunni Islam |
|---|---|---|
| In its own words | populated: Ibadi Islam descends from the Kharijite secession of the first Islamic century, moderated early into a tradition of elected imams, congregational discipline, and quiet endurance. It is neither Sunni nor Shia, and it survives as the majority tradition of Oman with communities in North and East Africa. | populated: Sunni Islam is the tradition of roughly nine in ten of the world's Muslims. It carries no single head and no central magisterium; its unity stands in the shared scripture, the Prophet's example, the four schools of law, and the theological schools that defended them. |
| Scale and spread | populated: Ibadi Islam counts a few million adherents. Oman is its demographic and scholarly center, where Ibadis form a large share of the population, with older communities in Algeria's M'zab valley, Libya's Nafusa mountains, Tunisia's Djerba, and Zanzibar. | populated: Sunni Islam counts roughly 1.6 billion adherents, about 87 to 90 percent of all Muslims, and is the majority form of Islam in most Muslim-majority countries, from Indonesia and South Asia to North Africa and Turkey. |
| Historical timeline | populated | populated |
| Sources of authority | not documented | not documented |
| Ultimate reality | not documented | not documented |
| The human person | not documented | not documented |
| Problem and solution | not documented | not documented |
| Ethics and hard cases | not documented | not documented |
| Practice and devotion | not documented | not documented |
| Community and governance | partial | partial |
| Art and material culture | not documented | not documented |
| Science and technology posture | not documented | not documented |
| Internal diversity | not documented | populated |
| Contributions | not documented | not documented |
| Internal critique | not documented | not documented |
| External critique and reply | not documented | not documented |
| Contested history | partial | partial |
| What each says about the other | not documented | not documented |
| What this comparison cannot settle | populated: This comparison sets two self-descriptions side by side; it does not decide between them. A tradition is a living range of positions, and each panel renders the range this site has documented, which is not the whole of the tradition. Where a cell is marked not yet documented, the gap belongs to this site's documentation, not to the tradition. Questions of truth between the panels turn on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, what authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. The instrument does not score, rank, or adjudicate. | populated: This comparison sets two self-descriptions side by side; it does not decide between them. A tradition is a living range of positions, and each panel renders the range this site has documented, which is not the whole of the tradition. Where a cell is marked not yet documented, the gap belongs to this site's documentation, not to the tradition. Questions of truth between the panels turn on premises the reader brings: what counts as evidence, what authority is recognized, and what a human life is for. The instrument does not score, rank, or adjudicate. |
| Sources | populated | populated |