Pope Urban II's call at Clermont brings Latin Christian armies into Syria and Palestine; Jerusalem falls in 1099, and two centuries of crusader states follow, answered from the Muslim side by Nur al-Din and Saladin's recovery of Jerusalem in 1187.
Tagged: Muslim Sunni Islam Twelver Shia Islam
The Event
- Date
- 1095 (exact)
- Also called
- The First Crusade
- Era
- Abbasid; Standard periodization of Islamic history
- Location
- Syria and Palestine
- Traditions
- Islam
- Streams
- Sunni Islam, Twelver Shia Islam
- Key figures
- Urban II, Saladin
Primary Sources
- Ibn al-Athir, The Complete History
Secondary Sources
- Hourani, A History of the Arab Peoples (Faber, 1991)
- Kennedy, The Prophet and the Age of the Caliphates (Routledge, 3rd ed. 2016)
Provenance: HIST-0231; confidence 0.95; accessed 2026-10-27.
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