Seven popes reign from Avignon under French influence; Catherine of Siena's pleading and Petrarch's scorn frame the period the Italians called a Babylonian captivity.
The Event
- Date
- 1309–1377 (exact)
- Era
- Medieval; Standard ecumenical periodization
- Location
- Avignon
- Traditions
- Christianity
- Streams
- Catholic
- Key figures
- Clement V, Catherine of Siena
Primary Sources
- Petrarch, Letters
- Catherine of Siena, Letters
Secondary Sources
- MacCulloch, A History of Christianity (Allen Lane, 2009)
Provenance: HIST-0028; confidence 0.95; accessed 2026-10-26.
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