The great scholarly and poetic extension of Islam across Persia, Central Asia, and India.
Persian carried Islam eastward: it became the language of Sufi poetry, of theology and administration from Anatolia to India, and of beloved renderings of the Qur'an's meaning. Rumi wrote in Persian, and Iqbal wrote in both Persian and Urdu.
Prayers & Creeds in Its Traditions
- Al-Fatiha Islamic — The opening chapter of the Qur'an, recited in every unit of the ritual prayer.
- Dhikr Islamic — The remembrance of God through repeated short formulas of glory, praise, and greatness.
- Du'as Islamic — Personal supplications addressed to God in one's own need, in words from the Qur'an, the Prophet, or the heart.
- Salah Islamic — The ritual prayer performed five times daily, with fixed postures, recitations, and the closing testimony (Tashahhud).
- Shahada Islamic — Islam's testimony of faith: there is no god but God, and Muhammad is the Messenger of God.
Learning and Reference Resources
- Persian theological and Sufi literature (see the Libraries page) Free / open access
Provenance
Classification follows Ethnologue; identifiers verified at build time.